LDAP3.php
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LDAP3.php
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	<?php
	/*
	+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
	\| Net/LDAP3.php \|
	\| \|
	\| Based on rcube_ldap_generic.php created by the Roundcube Webmail \|
	\| client development team. \|
	\| \|
	\| Copyright (C) 2006-2012, The Roundcube Dev Team \|
	\| Copyright (C) 2012, Kolab Systems AG \|
	\| \|
	\| Licensed under the GNU General Public License version 3 or \|
	\| any later version with exceptions for plugins. \|
	\| See the README file for a full license statement. \|
	\| \|
	\| PURPOSE: \|
	\| Provide advanced functionality for accessing LDAP directories \|
	\| \|
	+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
	\| Authors: Thomas Bruederli <roundcube@gmail.com> \|
	\| Aleksander Machniak <machniak@kolabsys.com> \|
	\| Jeroen van Meeuwen <vanmeeuwen@kolabsys.com> \|
	+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
	*/

	require_once('PEAR.php');
	require_once('LDAP3/Result.php');

	/**
	* Model class to access a LDAP directories
	*
	* @package Net_LDAP3
	*/
	class Net_LDAP3
	{
	const UPDATE_MOD_ADD = 1;
	const UPDATE_MOD_DELETE = 2;
	const UPDATE_MOD_REPLACE = 4;
	const UPDATE_MOD_FULL = 7;

	private $conn;
	public $vlv_active = FALSE;

	protected $config = Array(
	'sizelimit' => 0,
	'timelimit' => 0,
	'vlv' => NULL
	);

	private $attribute_level_rights_map = array(
	"r" => "read",
	"s" => "search",
	"w" => "write",
	"o" => "delete",
	"c" => "compare",
	"W" => "write",
	"O" => "delete"
	);

	private $entry_level_rights_map = array(
	"a" => "add",
	"d" => "delete",
	"n" => "modrdn",
	"v" => "read"
	);

	/*
	Manipulate configuration through the config_set and config_get methods.
	//
	'debug' => FALSE,
	'host' => NULL,
	'hosts' => Array(),
	'port' => 389,
	'use_tls' => FALSE,
	'bind_dn' => '%bind_dn',
	'bind_pw' => '%bind_pw',
	'service_bind_dn' => 'uid=kolab-service,ou=Special Users,dc=example,dc=org',
	'service_bind_pw' => 'Welcome2KolabSystems',
	'root_dn' => 'dc=example,dc=org',
	'root_dn_db_name' => 'example_org',
	'root_dn_db_name_attr' => 'cn',
	'config_root_dn' => 'cn=config',
	'sizelimit' => 0,
	'timelimit' => 0,
	// Force VLV off.
	'vlv' => FALSE,

	);
	*/

	protected $return_attributes = Array('entrydn');
	protected $entries = NULL;
	protected $result = NULL;
	protected $debug_level = FALSE;
	protected $list_page = 1;
	protected $page_size = 10;

	// Use public method config_set('log_hook', $callback) to have $callback be
	// call_user_func'ed instead of the local log functions.
	protected $_log_hook = NULL;

	// Use public method config_set('config_get_hook', $callback) to have
	// $callback be call_user_func'ed instead of the local config_get function.
	protected $_config_get_hook = NULL;

	// Use public method config_set('config_set_hook', $callback) to have
	// $callback be call_user_func'ed instead of the local config_set function.
	protected $_config_set_hook = NULL;

	// Not Yet Implemented
	// Intended to allow hooking in for the purpose of caching.
	protected $_result_hook = NULL;

	// Runtime. These are not the variables you're looking for.
	protected $_current_bind_dn = NULL;
	protected $_current_host = NULL;
	protected $_supported_control = Array();
	protected $_vlv_indexes_and_searches = NULL;

	/**
	* Constructor
	*
	* @param array $config Configuration parameters that have not already
	* been initialized. For configuration parameters
	* that have in fact been set, use the config_set()
	* method after initialization.
	*/
	public function __construct($config = Array()) {
	Log::trace("Net_LDAP3 being constructed");
	if (!empty($config) && is_array($config)) {
	foreach ($config as $key => $value) {
	if (!isset($this->config[$key]) \|\| empty($this->config[$key])) {
	$this->config[$key] = $value;
	}
	}
	}
	}

	/**
	* Add multiple entries to the directory information tree in one go.
	*/
	public function add_entries($entries, $attributes = Array()) {
	// If $entries is an associative array, it's keys are DNs and it's
	// values are the attributes for that DN.
	//
	// If $entries is a non-associative array, the attributes are expected
	// to be positional in $attributes.

	$result_set = Array();

	if (array_keys($entries) == range(0, count($entries) - 1)) {
	// $entries is sequential

	if (count($entries) !== count($attributes)) {
	new PEAR_Error("Wrong entry/attribute count in " . __FUNCTION__);
	return FALSE;
	}

	for ($i = 0; $i < count($entries); $i++) {
	$result_set[$i] = $this->add_entry(
	$entries[$i],
	$attributes[$i]
	);

	}
	} else {
	// $entries is associative
	foreach ($entries as $entry_dn => $entry_attributes) {
	if (array_keys($attributes) !== range(0,count($attributes)-1)) {
	// $attributes is associative as well, let's merge these
	//
	// $entry_attributes takes precedence, so is in the second
	// position in array_merge()
	$entry_attributes = array_merge(
	$attributes,
	$entry_attributes
	);

	}

	$result_set[$entry_dn] = $this->add_entry(
	$entry_dn,
	$entry_attributes
	);
	}
	}

	return $result_set;

	}

	/**
	* Add an entry to the directory information tree.
	*/
	public function add_entry($entry_dn, $attributes)
	{
	// TODO:
	// - Get entry rdn attribute value from entry_dn and see if it exists in
	// attributes -> issue warning if so (but not block the operation).
	$this->_debug("Entry DN", $entry_dn);
	$this->_debug("Attributes", $attributes);

	foreach ($attributes as $attr_name => $attr_value) {
	if (empty($attr_value)) {
	unset($attributes[$attr_name]);
	}
	}

	$this->_debug("C: Add $entry_dn: " . json_encode($attributes));

	if (($add_result = ldap_add($this->conn, $entry_dn, $attributes)) == FALSE) {
	$this->_debug("S: " . ldap_error($this->conn));
	$this->_debug("S: Adding entry $entry_dn failed. " . ldap_error($this->conn));

	return FALSE;
	}

	$this->_debug("LDAP: S: OK");

	return TRUE;
	}

	public function attribute_details($attributes = array())
	{
	$schema = $this->init_schema();

	if (!$schema) {
	return array();
	}

	$attribs = $schema->getAll('attributes');

	$attributes_details = array();

	foreach ($attributes as $attribute) {
	if (array_key_exists($attribute, $attribs)) {
	$attrib_details = $attribs[$attribute];

	if (!empty($attrib_details['sup'])) {
	foreach ($attrib_details['sup'] as $super_attrib) {
	$_attrib_details = $attribs[$super_attrib];
	if (is_array($_attrib_details)) {
	$attrib_details = array_merge($_attrib_details, $attrib_details);
	}
	}
	}
	} else if (array_key_exists(strtolower($attribute), $attribs)) {
	$attrib_details = $attribs[strtolower($attribute)];

	if (!empty($attrib_details['sup'])) {
	foreach ($attrib_details['sup'] as $super_attrib) {
	$_attrib_details = $attribs[$super_attrib];
	if (is_array($_attrib_details)) {
	$attrib_details = array_merge($_attrib_details, $attrib_details);
	}
	}
	}
	} else {
	Log::warning("LDAP: No schema details exist for attribute $attribute (which is strange)");
	}

	// The relevant parts only, please
	$attributes_details[$attribute] = array(
	'type' => (array_key_exists('single-value', $attrib_details) && $attrib_details['single-value']) ? "text" : "list",
	'description' => $attrib_details['desc'],
	'syntax' => $attrib_details['syntax'],
	'max-length' => (array_key_exists('max_length', $attrib_details)) ? $attrib_details['max-length'] : FALSE,
	);
	}

	return $attributes_details;
	}

	public function attributes_allowed($objectclasses = array())
	{
	$this->_debug("Listing allowed_attributes for objectclasses", $objectclasses);

	if (!is_array($objectclasses)) {
	return false;
	}

	if (empty($objectclasses)) {
	return false;
	}

	$schema = $this->init_schema();
	if (!$schema) {
	return false;
	}

	$may = array();
	$must = array();
	$superclasses = array();

	foreach ($objectclasses as $objectclass) {
	$superclass = $schema->superclass($objectclass);
	if (!empty($superclass)) {
	$superclasses = array_merge($superclass, $superclasses);
	}

	$_may = $schema->may($objectclass);
	if (is_array($_may)) {
	$may = array_merge($may, $_may);
	} /* else {
	} */
	$_must = $schema->must($objectclass);
	if (is_array($_must)) {
	$must = array_merge($must, $_must);
	} /* else {
	var_dump($_must);
	} */
	}

	$may = array_unique($may);
	$must = array_unique($must);
	$superclasses = array_unique($superclasses);

	return array('may' => $may, 'must' => $must, 'super' => $superclasses);
	}

	public function classes_allowed()
	{
	$schema = $this->init_schema();
	if (!$schema) {
	return false;
	}

	$list = $schema->getAll('objectclasses');
	$classes = array();

	foreach ($list as $class) {
	$classes[] = $class['name'];
	}

	return $classes;
	}

	/**
	* Bind connection with DN and password
	*
	* @param string $dn Bind DN
	* @param string $pass Bind password
	*
	* @return boolean True on success, False on error
	*/
	public function bind($bind_dn, $bind_pw)
	{
	if (!$this->conn) {
	return FALSE;
	}

	if ($bind_dn == $this->_current_bind_dn) {
	return TRUE;
	}

	$this->_debug("C: Bind [dn: $bind_dn] [pass: $bind_pw]");

	if (@ldap_bind($this->conn, $bind_dn, $bind_pw)) {
	$this->_debug("S: OK");
	$this->_current_bind_dn = $bind_dn;
	return TRUE;
	}

	$this->_debug("S: ".ldap_error($this->conn));

	new PEAR_Error("Bind failed for dn=$bind_dn: ".ldap_error($this->conn), ldap_errno($this->conn));
	return FALSE;
	}

	/**
	* Close connection to LDAP server
	*/
	public function close()
	{
	if ($this->conn) {
	$this->_debug("C: Close");
	ldap_unbind($this->conn);
	$this->conn = NULL;
	}
	}

	/**
	* Get the value of a configuration item.
	*
	* @param string $key Configuration key
	* @param mixed $default Default value to return
	*/
	public function config_get($key, $default = NULL) {
	if (!empty($this->_config_get_hook)) {
	return call_user_func_array($this->_config_get_hook, Array($key, $value));
	} else if (method_exists($this, "config_get_{$key}")) {
	return call_user_func(array($this, "config_get_$key"), $value);
	} else if (!isset($this->config[$key])) {
	return $default;
	} else {
	return $this->config[$key];
	}
	}

	/**
	* Set a configuration item to value.
	*
	* @param string $key Configuration key
	* @param mixed $value Configuration value
	*/
	public function config_set($key, $value) {
	if (!empty($this->_config_set_hook)) {
	return call_user_func(
	$this->_config_set_hook,
	Array($key, $value)
	);

	} else if (method_exists($this, "config_set_{$key}")) {
	return call_user_func_array(
	Array($this, "config_set_$key"),
	Array($value)
	);

	} else if (isset($this->$key)) {
	$this->_debug("setting property $key to value " . var_export($value, TRUE));
	$this->$key = $value;
	} else {
	$this->_debug("setting config array $key to value " . var_export($value, TRUE));
	$this->config[$key] = $value;
	}
	}

	/**
	* Establish a connection to the LDAP server
	*/
	public function connect()
	{
	Log::trace("Net_LDAP3 connecting");

	if (!function_exists('ldap_connect')) {
	new PEAR_Error("No ldap support in this PHP installation", 100);
	return FALSE;
	}

	if (is_resource($this->conn)) {
	$this->_debug("Connection already exists");
	return TRUE;
	}

	$config_hosts = $this->config_get('hosts', Array());
	$config_host = $this->config_get('host', NULL);

	if (empty($config_hosts)) {
	if (empty($config_host)) {
	new PEAR_Error("No host or hosts configured", __LINE__);
	return FALSE;
	}

	$this->config_set('hosts', Array($this->config_get('host')));
	}

	$port = $this->config_get('port', 389);

	foreach ($this->config_get('hosts') as $host) {
	$this->_debug("C: Connect [$host:$port]");

	if ($lc = @ldap_connect($host, $port))
	{
	if ($this->config_get('use_tls', FALSE) === TRUE) {
	if (!ldap_start_tls($lc)) {
	$this->_debug("S: Could not start TLS.");
	continue;
	}
	}

	$this->_debug("S: OK");

	ldap_set_option(
	$lc,
	LDAP_OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
	$this->config_get('ldap_version', 3)
	);

	$this->_current_host = $host;
	$this->conn = $lc;

	if ($this->config_get('referrals', FALSE)) {
	ldap_set_option(
	$lc,
	LDAP_OPT_REFERRALS,
	$this->config['referrals']
	);
	}

	break;
	}

	$this->_debug("S: NOT OK");
	}

	if (!is_resource($this->conn)) {
	new PEAR_Error("Could not connect to LDAP", 100);
	return FALSE;
	}

	return TRUE;
	}

	/**
	* Shortcut to ldap_delete()
	*/
	public function delete_entry($entry_dn)
	{
	$this->_debug("LDAP: C: Delete $entry_dn");

	if (ldap_delete($this->conn, $entry_dn) === FALSE) {
	$this->_debug("LDAP: S: " . ldap_error($this->conn));
	$this->_debug("LDAP: Delete failed. " . ldap_error($this->conn));
	return FALSE;
	}

	$this->_debug("LDAP: S: OK");

	return TRUE;
	}

	public function effective_rights($subject)
	{
	$effective_rights_control_oid = "1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.9.5.2";

	$supported_controls = $this->supported_controls();

	if (!in_array($effective_rights_control_oid, $supported_controls)) {
	$this->_debug("LDAP: No getEffectiveRights control in supportedControls");
	return $this->legacy_rights($subject);
	}

	$attributes = array(
	'attributeLevelRights' => array(),
	'entryLevelRights' => array(),
	);

	$output = array();
	$entry_dn = $this->entry_dn($subject);

	if (!$entry_dn) {
	$entry_dn = $this->config_get($subject . "_base_dn");
	}
	if (!$entry_dn) {
	$entry_dn = $this->config_get("base_dn");
	}

	$this->_debug("effective_rights for subject $subject resolves to entry dn $entry_dn");

	$moz_ldapsearch = "/usr/lib64/mozldap/ldapsearch";
	if (!is_file($moz_ldapsearch)) {
	$moz_ldapsearch = "/usr/lib/mozldap/ldapsearch";
	}
	if (!is_file($moz_ldapsearch)) {
	$moz_ldapsearch = NULL;
	}

	if (empty($moz_ldapsearch)) {
	$this->_debug("Mozilla LDAP C SDK binary ldapsearch not found, cannot get effective rights on subject $subject");
	return NULL;
	}

	$command = array(
	$moz_ldapsearch,
	'-x',
	'-h',
	$this->_ldap_server,
	'-p',
	$this->_ldap_port,
	'-b',
	escapeshellarg($entry_dn),
	'-D',
	escapeshellarg($_SESSION['user']->user_bind_dn),
	'-w',
	escapeshellarg($_SESSION['user']->user_bind_pw),
	'-J',
	escapeshellarg(implode(':', array(
	$effective_rights_control_oid, // OID
	'TRUE', // Criticality
	'dn:' . $_SESSION['user']->user_bind_dn // User DN
	))),
	'-s',
	'base',
	'"(objectclass=*)"',
	'"*"',
	);

	$command = implode(' ', $command);

	$this->_debug("LDAP: Executing command: $command");

	exec($command, $output, $return_code);

	$this->_debug("LDAP: Command output:" . var_export($output, TRUE));
	$this->_debug("Return code: " . $return_code);

	$lines = array();
	foreach ($output as $line_num => $line) {
	if (substr($line, 0, 1) == " ") {
	$lines[count($lines)-1] .= trim($line);
	} else {
	$lines[] = trim($line);
	}
	}

	foreach ($lines as $line) {
	$line_components = explode(':', $line);
	$attribute_name = array_shift($line_components);
	$attribute_value = trim(implode(':', $line_components));

	switch ($attribute_name) {
	case "attributeLevelRights":
	$attributes[$attribute_name] = $this->parse_attribute_level_rights($attribute_value);
	break;
	case "dn":
	$attributes[$attribute_name] = $attribute_value;
	break;
	case "entryLevelRights":
	$attributes[$attribute_name] = $this->parse_entry_level_rights($attribute_value);
	break;

	default:
	break;
	}
	}

	return $attributes;
	}

	public function entry_dn($subject)
	{
	$this->_debug("entry_dn on subject $subject");
	$is_dn = ldap_explode_dn($subject, 1);
	$this->_debug($is_dn ? "entry_dn is a dn" : "entry_dn is not a dn");

	if (is_array($is_dn) && array_key_exists("count", $is_dn) && $is_dn["count"] > 0) {
	return $subject;
	}

	$unique_attr = $this->config_get('unique_attribute', 'nsuniqueid');
	$subject = $this->entry_find_by_attribute(array($unique_attr => $subject));

	if (!empty($subject)) {
	return key($subject);
	}
	}

	public function entry_find_by_attribute($attributes, $base_dn = NULL)
	{
	$this->_debug("Auth::LDAP::entry_find_by_attribute(\$attributes, \$base_dn) called with base_dn", $base_dn, "and attributes", $attributes);

	if (empty($attributes) \|\| !is_array($attributes)) {
	return FALSE;
	}

	if (empty($attributes[key($attributes)])) {
	return FALSE;
	}

	$filter = "(&";

	foreach ($attributes as $key => $value) {
	$filter .= "(" . $key . "=" . $value . ")";
	}

	$filter .= ")";

	if (empty($base_dn)) {
	$base_dn = $this->config_get('root_dn');
	$this->_debug("Using base_dn from domain " . $this->domain . ": " . $base_dn);
	}

	$this->config_set('return_attributes', array_keys($attributes));
	$result = $this->search($base_dn, $filter);

	if ($result->count() > 0) {
	$this->_debug("Results found: " . implode(', ', array_keys($result->entries(TRUE))));
	return $result->entries(TRUE);
	}
	else {
	$this->_debug("No result");
	return FALSE;
	}
	}

	public function find_user_groups($member_dn)
	{
	$this->_debug(__FILE__ . "(" . __LINE__ . "): " . $member_dn);

	$groups = array();
	$root_dn = $this->domain_root_dn($this->domain);

	// TODO: Do not query for both, it's either one or the other
	$entries = $this->search($root_dn, "(\|" .
	"(&(objectclass=groupofnames)(member=$member_dn))" .
	"(&(objectclass=groupofuniquenames)(uniquemember=$member_dn))" .
	")");

	$groups = array_keys($entries);

	return $groups;
	}

	public function get_entry_attribute($subject_dn, $attribute)
	{
	$this->config_set('return_attributes', $attribute);
	$entries = $this->search($subject_dn, '(objectclass=*)', 'base')->entries(TRUE);
	$entry_dn = key($entries);
	$entry = $entries[$entry_dn];

	return $entry[$attribute];
	}

	public function get_entry_attributes($subject_dn, $attributes)
	{
	$this->config_set('return_attributes', $attributes);
	$entries = $this->search($subject_dn, '(objectclass=*)', 'base')->entries(TRUE);
	$entry_dn = key($entries);
	$entry = $entries[$entry_dn];

	return $entry;
	}

	/*
	Get the total number of entries.
	*/
	public function get_count($base_dn, $filter = '(objectclass=*)', $scope = 'sub')
	{
	if (!$this->__result_current($base_dn, $filter, $scope)) {
	new PEAR_Error("No current search result for these search parameters");
	return FALSE;
	}

	return $this->result->get_total();
	}

	/**
	* Get a specific LDAP entry, identified by its DN
	*
	* @param string $dn Record identifier
	* @return array Hash array
	*/
	public function get_entry($dn)
	{
	$rec = NULL;

	if ($this->conn && $dn) {
	$this->_debug("C: Read [dn: $dn] [(objectclass=*)]");

	if ($ldap_result = @ldap_read($this->conn, $dn, '(objectclass=*)', $this->return_attributes)) {
	$this->_debug("S: OK");

	if ($entry = ldap_first_entry($this->conn, $ldap_result)) {
	$rec = ldap_get_attributes($this->conn, $entry);
	}
	}
	else {
	$this->_debug("S: ".ldap_error($this->conn));
	}

	if (!empty($rec)) {
	$rec['dn'] = $dn; // Add in the dn for the entry.
	}
	}

	return $rec;
	}

	/**
	* Return the last result set
	*
	* @return object rcube_ldap_result Result object
	*/
	public function get_result()
	{
	return $this->result;
	}

	public function login($username, $password, $domain = null) {
	$this->_debug("Net_LDAP3::login(\$username = '" . $username . "', \$password = '****', \$domain = '" . $domain . "')");
	$_bind_dn = $this->config_get('service_bind_dn');
	$_bind_pw = $this->config_get('service_bind_pw');

	if (empty($_bind_dn)) {
	new PEAR_Error("No valid service bind dn found.");
	$this->_debug("No valid service bind dn found.");
	return NULL;
	}

	if (empty($_bind_pw)) {
	new PEAR_Error("No valid service bind password found.");
	$this->_debug("No valid service bind password found.");
	return NULL;
	}

	$bound = $this->bind($_bind_dn, $_bind_pw);

	if (!$bound) {
	new PEAR_Error("Could not bind with service bind credentials.");
	$this->_debug("Could not bind with service bind credentials.");
	return NULL;
	}

	$entry_dn = $this->entry_dn($username);

	if (!empty($entry_dn)) {
	$bound = $this->bind($entry_dn, $password);

	if (!$bound) {
	new PEAR_Error("Could not bind with " . $entry_dn);
	return NULL;
	}

	return $entry_dn;
	}

	$base_dn = $this->config_get('root_dn');

	if (empty($base_dn)) {
	new PEAR_Error("Could not get a valid base dn to search.");
	$this->_debug("Could not get a valid base dn to search.");
	return NULL;
	}

	$localpart = $username;

	if (empty($domain) ) {
	if (count(explode('@', $username)) > 1) {
	$__parts = explode('@', $username);
	$localpart = $__parts[0];
	$domain = $__parts[1];
	} else {
	$localpart = $username;
	$domain = '';
	}
	}

	$realm = $domain;

	$filter = $this->config_get("login_filter", NULL);
	if (empty($filter)) {
	$filter = $this->config_get("filter", NULL);
	}
	if (empty($filter)) {
	$filter = "(&(\|(mail=%s)(mail=%U@%d)(alias=%s)(alias=%U@%d)(uid=%s))(objectclass=inetorgperson))";
	}

	$this->_debug("Net::LDAP3::login() original filter: " . $filter);

	$replace_patterns = Array(
	'/%s/' => $username,
	'/%d/' => $domain,
	'/%U/' => $localpart,
	'/%r/' => $realm
	);

	$filter = preg_replace(array_keys($replace_patterns), array_values($replace_patterns), $filter);

	$this->_debug("Net::LDAP3::login() actual filter: " . $filter);

	$result = $this->search($base_dn, $filter, 'sub');

	if (!$result) {
	new PEAR_Error("Could not search $base_dn with $filter");
	}

	if ($this->result->count() > 1) {
	new PEAR_Error("Multiple entries found.");
	return NULL;
	} else if ($this->result->count() < 1) {
	new PEAR_Error("No entries found.");
	return NULL;
	}

	$entries = $this->result->entries();
	$entry = self::normalize_result($entries);
	$entry_dn = key($entry);

	$bound = $this->bind($entry_dn, $password);

	if (!$bound) {
	new PEAR_Error("Could not bind with " . $entry_dn);
	return NULL;
	}

	return $entry_dn;
	}

	public function list_entries($base_dn, $filter = '(objectclass=*)', $scope = 'sub', $sort = NULL)
	{
	$search = $this->search($base_dn, $filter, $scope, $sort);

	if (!$search) {
	$this->_debug("Net_LDAP3: Search did not succeed!");
	return FALSE;
	}

	return $this->result;

	}

	public function list_group_members($dn, $entry = NULL, $recurse = TRUE)
	{
	$group_members = array();

	if (is_array($entry) && in_array('objectclass', $entry)) {
	if (!in_array(array('groupofnames', 'groupofuniquenames', 'groupofurls'), $entry['objectclass'])) {
	$this->_debug("Called _list_groups_members on a non-group!");
	}
	else {
	$this->_debug("Called list_group_members(" . $dn . ")");
	}
	}

	$entry = $this->search($dn);

	$this->_debug("ENTRIES for \$dn $dn", $entry);

	foreach ($entry[$dn] as $attribute => $value) {
	if ($attribute == "objectclass") {
	foreach ($value as $objectclass) {
	switch (strtolower($objectclass)) {
	case "groupofnames":
	case "kolabgroupofnames":
	$group_members = array_merge($group_members, $this->_list_group_member($dn, $entry[$dn]['member'], $recurse));
	break;
	case "groupofuniquenames":
	case "kolabgroupofuniquenames":
	$group_members = array_merge($group_members, $this->_list_group_uniquemember($dn, $entry[$dn]['uniquemember'], $recurse));
	break;
	case "groupofurls":
	$group_members = array_merge($group_members, $this->_list_group_memberurl($dn, $entry[$dn]['memberurl'], $recurse));
	break;
	}
	}
	}
	}

	return array_filter($group_members);
	}

	public function modify_entry($subject_dn, $old_attrs, $new_attrs)
	{
	$this->_debug("OLD ATTRIBUTES", $old_attrs);
	$this->_debug("NEW ATTRIBUTES", $new_attrs);

	// TODO: Get $rdn_attr - we have type_id in $new_attrs
	$dn_components = ldap_explode_dn($subject_dn, 0);
	$rdn_components = explode('=', $dn_components[0]);

	$rdn_attr = $rdn_components[0];

	$this->_debug("Auth::LDAP::modify_entry() using rdn attribute: " . $rdn_attr);

	$mod_array = array(
	'add' => array(), // For use with ldap_mod_add()
	'del' => array(), // For use with ldap_mod_del()
	'replace' => array(), // For use with ldap_mod_replace()
	'rename' => array(), // For use with ldap_rename()
	);

	// This is me cheating. Remove this special attribute.
	if (array_key_exists('ou', $old_attrs) \|\| array_key_exists('ou', $new_attrs)) {
	$old_ou = $old_attrs['ou'];
	$new_ou = $new_attrs['ou'];
	unset($old_attrs['ou']);
	unset($new_attrs['ou']);
	} else {
	$old_ou = NULL;
	$new_ou = NULL;
	}

	// Compare each attribute value of the old attrs with the corresponding value
	// in the new attrs, if any.
	foreach ($old_attrs as $attr => $old_attr_value) {

	if (array_key_exists($attr, $new_attrs)) {
	if (is_array($old_attrs[$attr]) && is_array($new_attrs[$attr])) {
	$_sort1 = $new_attrs[$attr];
	sort($_sort1);
	$_sort2 = $old_attr_value;
	sort($_sort2);
	} else {
	$_sort1 = TRUE;
	$_sort2 = FALSE;
	}

	if (!($new_attrs[$attr] === $old_attr_value) && !($_sort1 === $_sort2)) {
	$this->_debug("Attribute $attr changed from", $old_attr_value, "to", $new_attrs[$attr]);
	if ($attr === $rdn_attr) {
	$this->_debug("This attribute is the RDN attribute. Let's see if it is multi-valued, and if the original still exists in the new value.");
	if (is_array($old_attrs[$attr])) {
	if (!is_array($new_attrs[$attr])) {
	if (in_array($new_attrs[$attr], $old_attrs[$attr])) {
	// TODO: Need to remove all $old_attrs[$attr] values not equal to $new_attrs[$attr], and not equal to the current $rdn_attr value [0]

	$this->_debug("old attrs. is array, new attrs. is not array. new attr. exists in old attrs.");

	$rdn_attr_value = array_shift($old_attrs[$attr]);
	$_attr_to_remove = array();

	foreach ($old_attrs[$attr] as $value) {
	if (strtolower($value) != strtolower($new_attrs[$attr])) {
	$_attr_to_remove[] = $value;
	}
	}

	$this->_debug("Adding to delete attribute $attr values:" . implode(', ', $_attr_to_remove));

	$mod_array['delete'][$attr] = $_attr_to_remove;

	if (strtolower($new_attrs[$attr]) !== strtolower($rdn_attr_value)) {
	$this->_debug("new attrs is not the same as the old rdn value, issuing a rename");
	$mod_array['rename']['dn'] = $subject_dn;
	$mod_array['rename']['new_rdn'] = $rdn_attr . '=' . $new_attrs[$attr][0];
	}

	} else {
	$this->_debug("new attrs is not the same as any of the old rdn value, issuing a full rename");
	$mod_array['rename']['dn'] = $subject_dn;
	$mod_array['rename']['new_rdn'] = $rdn_attr . '=' . $new_attrs[$attr];
	}
	} else {
	// TODO: See if the rdn attr. value is still in $new_attrs[$attr]
	if (in_array($old_attrs[$attr][0], $new_attrs[$attr])) {
	$this->_debug("Simply replacing attr $attr as rnd attr value is preserved.");
	$mod_array['replace'][$attr] = $new_attrs[$attr];
	} else {
	// TODO: This fails.
	$mod_array['rename']['dn'] = $subject_dn;
	$mod_array['rename']['new_rdn'] = $rdn_attr . '=' . $new_attrs[$attr][0];
	$mod_array['delete'][$attr] = $old_attrs[$attr][0];
	}
	}
	} else {
	if (!is_array($new_attrs[$attr])) {
	$this->_debug("Renaming " . $old_attrs[$attr] . " to " . $new_attrs[$attr]);
	$mod_array['rename']['dn'] = $subject_dn;
	$mod_array['rename']['new_rdn'] = $rdn_attr . '=' . $new_attrs[$attr];
	} else {
	$this->_debug("Adding to replace");
	// An additional attribute value is being supplied. Just replace and continue.
	$mod_array['replace'][$attr] = $new_attrs[$attr];
	continue;
	}
	}

	} else {
	if (empty($new_attrs[$attr])) {
	switch ($attr) {
	case "userpassword":
	break;
	default:
	$this->_debug("Adding to del: $attr");
	$mod_array['del'][$attr] = (array)($old_attr_value);
	break;
	}
	} else {
	$this->_debug("Adding to replace: $attr");
	$mod_array['replace'][$attr] = (array)($new_attrs[$attr]);
	}
	}
	} else {
	$this->_debug("Attribute $attr unchanged");
	}
	} else {
	// TODO: Since we're not shipping the entire object back and forth, and only post
	// part of the data... we don't know what is actually removed (think modifiedtimestamp, etc.)
	$this->_debug("Group attribute $attr not mentioned in \$new_attrs..., but not explicitly removed... by assumption");
	}
	}

	foreach ($new_attrs as $attr => $value) {
	if (array_key_exists($attr, $old_attrs)) {
	if (empty($value)) {
	if (!array_key_exists($attr, $mod_array['del'])) {
	switch ($attr) {
	case 'userpassword':
	break;
	default:
	$this->_debug("Adding to del(2): $attr");
	$mod_array['del'][$attr] = (array)($old_attrs[$attr]);
	break;
	}
	}
	} else {
	if (!($old_attrs[$attr] === $value) && !($attr === $rdn_attr)) {
	if (!array_key_exists($attr, $mod_array['replace'])) {
	$this->_debug("Adding to replace(2): $attr");
	$mod_array['replace'][$attr] = $value;
	}
	}
	}
	} else {
	if (!empty($value)) {
	$mod_array['add'][$attr] = $value;
	}
	}
	}

	if (empty($old_ou)) {
	$subject_dn_components = ldap_explode_dn($subject_dn, 0);
	unset($subject_dn_components["count"]);
	$subject_rdn = array_shift($subject_dn_components);
	$old_ou = implode(',', $subject_dn_components);
	}

	if (!(empty($old_ou) \|\| empty($new_ou)) && !(strtolower($old_ou) === strtolower($new_ou))) {
	$mod_array['rename']['new_parent'] = $new_ou;
	if (empty($mod_array['rename']['dn']) \|\| empty($mod_array['rename']['new_rdn'])) {
	$mod_array['rename']['dn'] = $subject_dn;
	$mod_array['rename']['new_rdn'] = $rdn_attr . '=' . $new_attrs[$rdn_attr];
	}
	}

	$this->_debug($mod_array);

	$result = $this->modify_entry_attributes($subject_dn, $mod_array);

	if ($result) {
	return $mod_array;
	}

	}

	/**
	* Bind connection with (SASL-) user and password
	*
	* @param string $authc Authentication user
	* @param string $pass Bind password
	* @param string $authz Autorization user
	*
	* @return boolean True on success, False on error
	*/
	public function sasl_bind($authc, $pass, $authz=NULL)
	{
	if (!$this->conn) {
	return FALSE;
	}

	if (!function_exists('ldap_sasl_bind')) {
	new PEAR_Error("Unable to bind: ldap_sasl_bind() not exists", 100);
	return FALSE;
	}

	if (!empty($authz)) {
	$authz = 'u:' . $authz;
	}

	if (!empty($this->config['auth_method'])) {
	$method = $this->config['auth_method'];
	}
	else {
	$method = 'DIGEST-MD5';
	}

	$this->_debug("C: Bind [mech: $method, authc: $authc, authz: $authz] [pass: $pass]");

	if (ldap_sasl_bind($this->conn, NULL, $pass, $method, NULL, $authc, $authz)) {
	$this->_debug("S: OK");
	return TRUE;
	}

	$this->_debug("S: ".ldap_error($this->conn));

	new PEAR_Error("Bind failed for authcid=$authc ".ldap_error($this->conn), ldap_errno($this->conn));
	return FALSE;
	}

	public function search($base_dn, $filter = '(objectclass=*)', $scope = 'sub', $sort = NULL, $search = Array())
	{
	if (!$this->conn) {
	new PEAR_Error("No active connection for " . __CLASS__ . "->" . __FUNCTION__);
	return FALSE;
	}

	$this->_debug("C: Search base dn: [$base_dn] scope [$scope] with filter [$filter]");

	if (empty($sort)) {
	$sort = $this->find_vlv($base_dn, $filter, $scope);
	} else {
	$sort = $this->find_vlv($base_dn, $filter, $scope, $sort);
	}

	if (!($sort === FALSE)) {
	$vlv_search = $this->_vlv_search($sort, $search);
	$this->vlv_active = $this->_vlv_set_controls($base_dn, $filter, $scope, $sort, $this->list_page, $this->page_size, $vlv_search);
	}

	$function = self::scope_to_function($scope, $ns_function);

	$this->_debug("Using function $function on scope $scope (\$ns_function is $ns_function)");

	if ($this->vlv_active) {
	if (isset($this->additional_filter) && !empty($this->additional_filter)) {
	$filter = "(&" . $filter . $this->additional_filter . ")";
	$this->_debug("C: (With VLV) Setting a filter (with additional filter) of " . $filter);
	} else {
	$this->_debug("C: (With VLV) Setting a filter (without additional filter) of " . $filter);
	}
	} else {
	$filter = "(&" . $filter . $this->additional_filter . ")";
	$this->_debug("C: (Without VLV) Setting a filter of " . $filter);
	}

	$this->_debug("Executing search with return attributes: " . var_export($this->return_attributes, TRUE));

	$ldap_result = @$function(
	$this->conn,
	$base_dn,
	$filter,
	$this->return_attributes,
	0,
	(int)$this->config['sizelimit'],
	(int)$this->config['timelimit']
	);

	if (!$ldap_result) {
	new PEAR_Error("$function failed for dn=$bind_dn: ".ldap_error($this->conn), ldap_errno($this->conn));
	return FALSE;
	}

	if ($this->vlv_active && function_exists('ldap_parse_virtuallist_control')) {
	if (ldap_parse_result($this->conn, $ldap_result, $errcode, $matcheddn, $errmsg, $referrals, $serverctrls)) {
	ldap_parse_virtuallist_control($this->conn, $serverctrls, $last_offset, $vlv_count, $vresult);
	$this->result = new Net_LDAP3_Result($this->conn, $base_dn, $filter, $scope, $ldap_result);
	$this->result->set('offset', $last_offset);
	$this->result->set('count', $vlv_count);
	$this->result->set('vlv', TRUE);
	} else {
	$this->_debug("S: " . ($errmsg ? $errmsg : ldap_error($this->conn)));
	new PEAR_Error("Something went terribly wrong");
	}
	} else {
	$this->result = new Net_LDAP3_Result($this->conn, $base_dn, $filter, $scope, $ldap_result);
	}

	return $this->result;
	}

	public function search_entries($base_dn, $filter = '(objectclass=*)', $scope = 'sub', $sort = NULL, $search = Array())
	{
	/*
	Use a search array with multiple keys and values that to continue
	to use the VLV but with an original filter adding the search stuff
	to an additional filter.
	*/

	$this->_debug("Net_LDAP3::search_entries with search " . var_export($search, TRUE));

	if (is_array($search) && array_key_exists('params', $search)) {
	$this->_debug("C: Composing search filter");
	$_search = $this->search_filter($search);
	$this->_debug("C: Search filter: $_search");

	if (!empty($_search)) {
	$this->additional_filter = $_search;
	} else {
	$this->additional_filter = "(\|";

	foreach ($search as $attr => $value) {
	$this->additional_filter .= "(" . $attr . "=" . $this->_fuzzy_search_prefix() . $value . $this->_fuzzy_search_suffix() . ")";
	}

	$this->additional_filter .= ")";
	}

	$this->_debug("C: Setting an additional filter " . $this->additional_filter);
	}

	$search = $this->search($base_dn, $filter, $scope, $sort, $search);

	if (!$search) {
	$this->_debug("Net_LDAP3: Search did not succeed!");
	return FALSE;
	}

	return $this->result;

	}

	/**
	* Create LDAP search filter string according to defined parameters.
	*/
	public function search_filter($search)
	{
	if (empty($search) \|\| !is_array($search) \|\| empty($search['params'])) {
	return NULL;
	}

	$filter = '';
	foreach ((array) $search['params'] as $field => $param) {
	switch ((string)$param['type']) {
	case 'prefix':
	$prefix = '';
	$suffix = '*';
	break;
	case 'suffix':
	$prefix = '*';
	$suffix = '';
	break;
	case 'exact':
	$prefix = '';
	$suffix = '';
	break;
	case 'both':
	default:
	$prefix = '*';
	$suffix = '*';
	break;
	}

	if (is_array($param['value'])) {
	$val_filter = array();
	foreach ($param['value'] as $val) {
	$value = self::_quote_string($val);
	$val_filter[] = "($field=$prefix" . $value . "$suffix)";
	}
	$filter .= "(\|" . implode($val_filter, '') . ")";
	}
	else {
	$value = self::_quote_string($param['value']);
	$filter .= "($field=$prefix" . $value . "$suffix)";
	}
	}

	// join search parameters with specified operator ('OR' or 'AND')
	if (count($search['params']) > 1) {
	$filter = '(' . ($search['operator'] == 'AND' ? '&' : '\|') . $filter . ')';
	}

	return $filter;
	}

	/**
	* Escapes a DN value according to RFC 2253
	*
	* @param string $dn DN value o quote
	* @return string The escaped value
	*/
	public static function escape_dn($dn)
	{
	return strtr($str, Array(','=>'\2c', '='=>'\3d', '+'=>'\2b',
	'<'=>'\3c', '>'=>'\3e', ';'=>'\3b', '\\'=>'\5c',
	'"'=>'\22', '#'=>'\23'));
	}

	/**
	* Escapes the given value according to RFC 2254 so that it can be safely used in LDAP filters.
	*
	* @param string $val Value to quote
	* @return string The escaped value
	*/
	public static function escape_value($val)
	{
	return strtr($str, Array('*'=>'\2a', '('=>'\28', ')'=>'\29',
	'\\'=>'\5c', '/'=>'\2f'));
	}

	/**
	* Turn an LDAP entry into a regular PHP array with attributes as keys.
	*
	* @param array $entry Attributes array as retrieved from ldap_get_attributes() or ldap_get_entries()
	* @return array Hash array with attributes as keys
	*/
	public static function normalize_entry($entry)
	{
	$rec = Array();
	for ($i=0; $i < $entry['count']; $i++) {
	$attr = $entry[$i];
	for ($j=0; $j < $entry[$attr]['count']; $j++) {
	$rec[$attr][$j] = $entry[$attr][$j];
	}
	}

	return $rec;
	}

	public static function normalize_result($__result)
	{
	if (!is_array($__result)) {
	return Array();
	}

	$result = Array();

	for ($x = 0; $x < $__result["count"]; $x++) {
	$dn = $__result[$x]['dn'];
	$result[$dn] = Array();
	for ($y = 0; $y < $__result[$x]["count"]; $y++) {
	$attr = $__result[$x][$y];
	if ($__result[$x][$attr]["count"] == 1) {
	switch ($attr) {
	case "objectclass":
	$result[$dn][$attr] = Array(strtolower($__result[$x][$attr][0]));
	break;
	default:
	$result[$dn][$attr] = $__result[$x][$attr][0];
	break;
	}
	}
	else {
	$result[$dn][$attr] = Array();
	for ($z = 0; $z < $__result[$x][$attr]["count"]; $z++) {
	switch ($attr) {
	case "objectclass":
	$result[$dn][$attr][] = strtolower($__result[$x][$attr][$z]);
	break;
	default:
	$result[$dn][$attr][] = $__result[$x][$attr][$z];
	break;
	}
	}
	}
	}
	}

	return $result;
	}

	public static function scopeint2str($scope) {
	switch ($scope) {
	case 2:
	return 'sub';
	break;
	case 1:
	return 'one';
	break;
	case 0:
	return 'base';
	break;
	default:
	new PEAR_Error("Scope $scope is not a valid scope integer");
	break;
	}
	}

	/**
	* Choose the right PHP function according to scope property
	*
	* @param string $scope The LDAP scope (sub\|base\|list)
	* @param string $ns_function Function to be used for numSubOrdinates queries
	* @return string PHP function to be used to query directory
	*/
	public static function scope_to_function($scope, &$ns_function = NULL)
	{
	switch ($scope) {
	case 'sub':
	$function = $ns_function = 'ldap_search';
	break;
	case 'base':
	$function = $ns_function = 'ldap_read';
	break;
	case 'one':
	case 'list':
	default:
	$function = 'ldap_list';
	$ns_function = 'ldap_read';
	break;
	}

	return $function;
	}

	private function config_set_config_get_hook($callback) {
	$this->_config_get_hook = $callback;
	}

	private function config_set_config_set_hook($callback) {
	$this->_config_set_hook = $callback;
	}

	/**
	* Sets the debug level both for this class and the ldap connection.
	*/
	private function config_set_debug($value) {
	if ($value === FALSE) {
	$this->config['debug'] = FALSE;
	} else {
	$this->config['debug'] = TRUE;
	}

	if ((int)($value) > 0) {
	ldap_set_option(NULL, LDAP_OPT_DEBUG_LEVEL, (int)($value));
	}
	}

	/**
	* Sets a log hook that is called with every log message in this module.
	*/
	private function config_set_log_hook($callback) {
	$this->_log_hook = $callback;
	}

	private function config_set_return_attributes($attribute_names = Array('entrydn')) {
	$this->_debug("setting return attributes: " . var_export($attribute_names, TRUE));
	$this->return_attributes = (Array)($attribute_names);
	}

	/**
	* Find a matching VLV
	*/
	private function find_vlv($base_dn, $filter, $scope, $sort_attrs = NULL) {
	if (array_key_exists('vlv', $this->config) && $this->config['vlv'] === FALSE) {
	return FALSE;
	}

	if ($scope == 'base') {
	return FALSE;
	}

	if (empty($this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches)) {
	$this->_debug("No VLV information available yet, refreshing");
	$this->find_vlv_indexes_and_searches(TRUE);
	}

	if (empty($this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches) && !is_array($this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches)) {
	return FALSE;
	}

	$this->_debug("Existing vlv index and search information", $this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches);

	if (array_key_exists($base_dn, $this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches) && !empty($this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches[$base_dn])) {
	$this->_debug("Found a VLV for base_dn: " . $base_dn);
	if ($this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches[$base_dn]['filter'] == $filter) {
	$this->_debug("Filter matches");
	if ($this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches[$base_dn]['scope'] == $scope) {
	$this->_debug("Scope matches");

	// Not passing any sort attributes means you don't care
	if (!empty($sort_attrs)) {
	if (in_array($sort_attrs, $this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches[$base_dn]['sort'])) {
	return $sort_attrs;
	} else {
	return FALSE;
	}
	} else {
	return $this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches[$base_dn]['sort'][0];
	}

	} else {
	$this->_debug("Scope does not match. VLV: " . var_export($this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches[$base_dn]['scope'], TRUE) . " while looking for " . var_export($scope, TRUE));
	return FALSE;
	}
	} else {
	$this->_debug("Filter does not match");
	return FALSE;
	}
	} else {
	$this->_debug("No VLV for base dn", $base_dn);
	return FALSE;
	}
	}

	/**
	Return VLV indexes and searches including necessary configuration
	details.
	*/
	private function find_vlv_indexes_and_searches($refresh = FALSE) {
	if (!empty($this->config['vlv'])) {
	if ($this->config['vlv'] === FALSE) {
	return Array();
	} else {
	return $this->config['vlv'];
	}
	}

	if (!$this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches === NULL) {
	if (!$refresh) {
	return $this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches;
	}
	}

	$return_attributes = $this->return_attributes;

	$config_root_dn = $this->config_get('config_root_dn', NULL);
	if (empty($config_root_dn)) {
	return Array();
	}

	$this->return_attributes = Array('*');

	$search_result = ldap_search(
	$this->conn,
	$config_root_dn,
	'(objectclass=vlvsearch)',
	Array('*'),
	0,
	0,
	0
	);

	$vlv_searches = new Net_LDAP3_Result($this->conn, $config_root_dn, '(objectclass=vlvsearch)', 'sub', $search_result);

	if ($vlv_searches->count() < 1) {
	$this->_debug("Empty result from search for '(objectclass=vlvsearch)' on '$config_root_dn'");
	$this->return_attributes = $return_attributes;
	return;
	} else {
	$vlv_searches = $vlv_searches->entries(TRUE);
	}

	foreach ($vlv_searches as $vlv_search_dn => $vlv_search_attrs) {

	// The attributes we are interested in are as follows:
	$_vlv_base_dn = $vlv_search_attrs['vlvbase'];
	$_vlv_scope = $vlv_search_attrs['vlvscope'];
	$_vlv_filter = $vlv_search_attrs['vlvfilter'];

	// Multiple indexes may exist
	$index_result = ldap_search(
	$this->conn,
	$vlv_search_dn,
	'(objectclass=vlvindex)',
	Array('*'),
	0,
	0,
	0
	);


	$vlv_indexes = new Net_LDAP3_Result($this->conn, $vlv_search_dn, '(objectclass=vlvindex)', 'sub', $index_result);
	$vlv_indexes = $vlv_indexes->entries(TRUE);

	$this->_debug("find_vlv() vlvindex result: " . var_export($vlv_indexes, TRUE));

	// Reset this one for each VLV search.
	$_vlv_sort = Array();

	foreach ($vlv_indexes as $vlv_index_dn => $vlv_index_attrs) {
	$_vlv_sort[] = explode(' ', $vlv_index_attrs['vlvsort']);
	}

	$this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches[$_vlv_base_dn] = Array(
	'scope' => self::scopeint2str($_vlv_scope),
	'filter' => $_vlv_filter,
	'sort' => $_vlv_sort,
	);

	}

	$this->return_attributes = $return_attributes;

	$this->_debug("Refreshed VLV: " . var_export($this->_vlv_indexes_and_searches, TRUE));
	}

	private function init_schema()
	{
	require_once("Net/LDAP2.php");

	$port = $this->config_get('port', 389);

	foreach ($this->config_get('hosts') as $host) {
	$this->_debug("C: Connect [$host:$port]");

	$_ldap_cfg = array(
	'host' => $host,
	'port' => $port,
	'tls' => FALSE,
	'version' => 3,
	'binddn' => $this->config_get('service_bind_dn'),
	'bindpw' => $this->config_get('service_bind_pw')
	);

	$_ldap_schema_cache_cfg = array(
	'path' => "/tmp/" . $host . ":" . ($port ? $port : '389') . "-Net_LDAP2_Schema.cache",
	'max_age' => 86400,
	);

	$_ldap = Net_LDAP2::connect($_ldap_cfg);

	if (!is_a($_ldap, 'Net_LDAP2_Error')) {
	$this->_debug("S: OK");
	break;
	}

	$this->_debug("S: NOT OK");
	new PEAR_Error($_ldap->getMessage());
	}

	if (is_a($_ldap, 'Net_LDAP2_Error')) {
	return null;
	}

	$_ldap_schema_cache = new Net_LDAP2_SimpleFileSchemaCache($_ldap_schema_cache_cfg);

	$_ldap->registerSchemaCache($_ldap_schema_cache);

	// TODO: We should learn what LDAP tech. we're running against.
	// Perhaps with a scope base objectclass recognize rootdse entry
	$schema_root_dn = $this->config_get('schema_root_dn');

	if (!$schema_root_dn) {
	$_schema = $_ldap->schema();
	}

	return $_schema;
	}

	private function list_group_member($dn, $members, $recurse = TRUE)
	{
	$this->_debug("Called _list_group_member(" . $dn . ")");

	$group_members = array();

	$members = (array)($members);

	if (empty($members)) {
	return $group_members;
	}

	// Use the member attributes to return an array of member ldap objects
	// NOTE that the member attribute is supposed to contain a DN
	foreach ($members as $member) {
	$member_entry = $this->_read($member, '(objectclass=*)');

	if (empty($member_entry)) {
	continue;
	}

	$group_members[$member] = array_pop($member_entry);

	if ($recurse) {
	// Nested groups
	$group_group_members = $this->_list_group_members($member, $member_entry);
	if ($group_group_members) {
	$group_members = array_merge($group_group_members, $group_members);
	}
	}
	}

	return array_filter($group_members);
	}

	private function list_group_uniquemember($dn, $uniquemembers, $recurse = TRUE)
	{
	$this->_debug("Called _list_group_uniquemember(" . $dn . ")", $entry);

	// Use the member attributes to return an array of member ldap objects
	// NOTE that the member attribute is supposed to contain a DN
	$group_members = array();
	if (empty($uniquemembers)) {
	return $group_members;
	}

	$uniquemembers = (array)($uniquemembers);

	if (is_string($uniquemembers)) {
	$this->_debug("uniquemember for entry is not an array");
	$uniquemembers = (array)($uniquemembers);
	}

	foreach ($uniquemembers as $member) {
	$member_entry = $this->_read($member, '(objectclass=*)');

	if (empty($member_entry)) {
	continue;
	}

	$group_members[$member] = array_pop($member_entry);

	if ($recurse) {
	// Nested groups
	$group_group_members = $this->_list_group_members($member, $member_entry);
	if ($group_group_members) {
	$group_members = array_merge($group_group_members, $group_members);
	}
	}
	}

	return array_filter($group_members);
	}

	private function list_group_memberurl($dn, $memberurls, $recurse = TRUE)
	{
	$this->_debug("Called _list_group_memberurl(" . $dn . ")");

	// Use the member attributes to return an array of member ldap objects
	// NOTE that the member attribute is supposed to contain a DN

	$group_members = array();

	foreach ((array)($memberurls) as $url) {
	$ldap_uri_components = $this->_parse_memberurl($url);

	$entries = $this->search($ldap_uri_components[3], $ldap_uri_components[6]);

	foreach ($entries as $entry_dn => $_entry) {
	$group_members[$entry_dn] = $_entry;
	$this->_debug("Found " . $entry_dn);

	if ($recurse) {
	// Nested group
	$group_group_members = $this->_list_group_members($entry_dn, $_entry);
	if ($group_group_members) {
	$group_members = array_merge($group_members, $group_group_members);
	}
	}
	}
	}

	return array_filter($group_members);
	}

	/**
	* memberUrl attribute parser
	*
	* @param string $url URL string
	*
	* @return array URL elements
	*/
	private function parse_memberurl($url)
	{
	$this->_debug("Parsing URL: " . $url);
	preg_match('/(.):\/\/(.)\/(.)\?(.)\?(.)\?(.)/', $url, $matches);
	return $matches;
	}

	private function modify_entry_attributes($subject_dn, $attributes)
	{
	// Opportunities to set FALSE include failed ldap commands.
	$result = TRUE;

	if (is_array($attributes['rename']) && !empty($attributes['rename'])) {
	$olddn = $attributes['rename']['dn'];
	$newrdn = $attributes['rename']['new_rdn'];
	if (!empty($attributes['rename']['new_parent'])) {
	$new_parent = $attributes['rename']['new_parent'];
	} else {
	$new_parent = NULL;
	}

	$this->_debug("LDAP: C: Rename $olddn to $newrdn,$new_parent");

	$result = ldap_rename($this->conn, $olddn, $newrdn, $new_parent, TRUE);

	if ($result) {
	$this->_debug("LDAP: S: OK");

	if ($new_parent) {
	$subject_dn = $newrdn . ',' . $new_parent;
	} else {
	$old_parent_dn_components = ldap_explode_dn($olddn, 0);
	unset($old_parent_dn_components["count"]);
	$old_rdn = array_shift($old_parent_dn_components);
	$old_parent_dn = implode(",", $old_parent_dn_components);
	$subject_dn = $newrdn . ',' . $old_parent_dn;
	}
	}
	else {
	$this->_debug("LDAP: S: " . ldap_error($this->conn));
	Log::warning("LDAP: Failed to rename $olddn to $newrdn,$new_parent");
	return FALSE;
	}
	}

	if (is_array($attributes['replace']) && !empty($attributes['replace'])) {
	$this->_debug("LDAP: C: Mod-Replace $subject_dn: " . json_encode($attributes['replace']));

	$result = ldap_mod_replace($this->conn, $subject_dn, $attributes['replace']);

	if ($result) {
	$this->_debug("LDAP: S: OK");
	}
	else {
	$this->_debug("LDAP: S: " . ldap_error($this->conn));
	Log::warning("LDAP: Failed to replace attributes on $subject_dn: " . json_encode($attributes['replace']));
	return FALSE;
	}
	}

	if (is_array($attributes['del']) && !empty($attributes['del'])) {
	$this->_debug("LDAP: C: Mod-Delete $subject_dn: " . json_encode($attributes['del']));

	$result = ldap_mod_del($this->conn, $subject_dn, $attributes['del']);

	if ($result) {
	$this->_debug("LDAP: S: OK");
	}
	else {
	$this->_debug("LDAP: S: " . ldap_error($this->conn));
	Log::warning("LDAP: Failed to delete attributes on $subject_dn: " . json_encode($attributes['del']));
	return FALSE;
	}
	}


	if (is_array($attributes['add']) && !empty($attributes['add'])) {
	$this->_debug("LDAP: C: Mod-Add $subject_dn: " . json_encode($attributes['add']));

	$result = ldap_mod_add($this->conn, $subject_dn, $attributes['add']);

	if ($result) {
	$this->_debug("LDAP: S: OK");
	}
	else {
	$this->_debug("LDAP: S: " . ldap_error($this->conn));
	Log::warning("LDAP: Failed to add attributes on $subject_dn: " . json_encode($attributes['add']));
	return FALSE;
	}
	}

	return TRUE;
	}

	private function parse_attribute_level_rights($attribute_value)
	{
	$attribute_value = str_replace(", ", ",", $attribute_value);
	$attribute_values = explode(",", $attribute_value);
	$attribute_value = array();

	foreach ($attribute_values as $access_right) {
	$access_right_components = explode(":", $access_right);
	$access_attribute = strtolower(array_shift($access_right_components));
	$access_value = array_shift($access_right_components);

	$attribute_value[$access_attribute] = array();

	for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($access_value); $i++) {
	$method = $this->attribute_level_rights_map[substr($access_value, $i, 1)];

	if (!in_array($method, $attribute_value[$access_attribute])) {
	$attribute_value[$access_attribute][] = $method;
	}
	}
	}

	return $attribute_value;
	}

	private function parse_entry_level_rights($attribute_value)
	{
	$_attribute_value = array();

	for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($attribute_value); $i++) {
	$method = $this->entry_level_rights_map[substr($attribute_value, $i, 1)];

	if (!in_array($method, $_attribute_value)) {
	$_attribute_value[] = $method;
	}
	}

	return $_attribute_value;
	}

	private function supported_controls()
	{
	if (!empty($this->supported_controls)) {
	return $this->supported_controls;
	}

	$this->_info("Obtaining supported controls");
	$this->return_attributes = Array("supportedcontrol");
	$result = $this->search("", "(objectclass=*)", 'base');
	$result = $result->entries(TRUE);
	$this->_info("Obtained " . count($result['']['supportedcontrol']) . " supported controls");
	$this->supported_controls = $result['']['supportedcontrol'];
	return $result['']['supportedcontrol'];
	}

	private function _alert() {
	$this->__log(LOG_ALERT, func_get_args());
	}

	private function _critical() {
	$this->__log(LOG_CRIT, func_get_args());
	}

	private function _debug() {
	$this->__log(LOG_DEBUG, func_get_args());
	}

	private function _emergency() {
	$this->__log(LOG_EMERG, func_get_args());
	}

	private function _error() {
	$this->__log(LOG_ERR, func_get_args());
	}

	private function _info() {
	$this->__log(LOG_INFO, func_get_args());
	}

	private function _notice() {
	$this->__log(LOG_NOTICE, func_get_args());
	}

	private function _warning() {
	$this->__log(LOG_WARNING, func_get_args());
	}

	private function _fuzzy_search_prefix() {
	switch ($this->config_get("fuzzy_search", 2)) {
	case 2:
	return "*";
	break;
	case 1:
	case 0:
	default:
	return "";
	break;
	}
	}

	private function _fuzzy_search_suffix() {
	switch ($this->config_get("fuzzy_search", 2)) {
	case 2:
	return "*";
	break;
	case 1:
	return "*";
	case 0:
	default:
	return "";
	break;
	}
	}

	private function _vlv_search($sort, $search) {
	if (!empty($this->additional_filter)) {
	$this->_debug("Not setting a VLV search filter because we already have a filter");
	return NULL;
	}

	$search_suffix = $this->_fuzzy_search_suffix();

	foreach ($search as $attr => $value) {
	if (!in_array(strtolower($attr), $sort)) {
	$this->_debug("Cannot use VLV search using attribute not indexed: $attr (not in " . var_export($sort, TRUE) . ")");
	return NULL;
	} else {
	return $value . $search_suffix;
	}
	}
	}

	/**
	* Set server controls for Virtual List View (paginated listing)
	*/
	private function _vlv_set_controls($base_dn, $filter, $scope, $sort, $list_page, $page_size, $search = NULL)
	{
	$sort_ctrl = Array(
	'oid' => "1.2.840.113556.1.4.473",
	'value' => self::_sort_ber_encode($sort)
	);

	if (!empty($search)) {
	$this->_debug("_vlv_set_controls to include search: " . var_export($search, TRUE));
	}

	$vlv_ctrl = Array(
	'oid' => "2.16.840.1.113730.3.4.9",
	'value' => self::_vlv_ber_encode(
	($offset = ($list_page-1) * $page_size + 1),
	$page_size,
	$search
	),
	'iscritical' => TRUE
	);

	$this->_debug("C: set controls sort=" . join(' ', unpack('H'.(strlen($sort_ctrl['value'])*2), $sort_ctrl['value'])) . " ($sort[0]);"
	. " vlv=" . join(' ', (unpack('H'.(strlen($vlv_ctrl['value'])*2), $vlv_ctrl['value']))) . " ($offset/$page_size)");

	if (!ldap_set_option($this->conn, LDAP_OPT_SERVER_CONTROLS, Array($sort_ctrl, $vlv_ctrl))) {
	$this->_debug("S: ".ldap_error($this->conn));
	$this->set_error(self::ERROR_SEARCH, 'vlvnotsupported');

	return FALSE;
	}

	return TRUE;
	}

	/**
	* Log a message.
	*/
	private function __log($level, $args)
	{
	$msg = Array();

	foreach ($args as $arg) {
	$msg[] = !is_string($arg) ? var_export($arg, true) : $arg;
	}

	if (!empty($this->_log_hook)) {
	call_user_func_array($this->_log_hook, Array($level, $msg));
	return;
	}

	if ($this->debug_level > 0) {
	syslog($level, implode("\n", $msg));
	}
	}

	/**
	* Given a base dn, filter and scope, checks if the current result in
	* $this->result is actually current.
	*
	* @param string $base_dn Base DN
	* @param string $filter Filter
	* @param string $scope Scope
	*/
	private function __result_current($base_dn, $filter, $scope) {
	if (empty($this->result)) {
	return FALSE;
	}

	if ($this->result->get('base_dn') !== $base_dn) {
	return FALSE;
	}

	if ($this->result->get('filter') !== $filter) {
	return FALSE;
	}

	if ($this->result->get('scope') !== $scope) {
	return FALSE;
	}

	return TRUE;
	}

	/**
	* Returns unified attribute name (resolving aliases)
	*/
	private static function _attr_name($namev)
	{
	// list of known attribute aliases
	static $aliases = Array(
	'gn' => 'givenname',
	'rfc822mailbox' => 'email',
	'userid' => 'uid',
	'emailaddress' => 'email',
	'pkcs9email' => 'email',
	);

	list($name, $limit) = explode(':', $namev, 2);
	$suffix = $limit ? ':'.$limit : '';

	return (isset($aliases[$name]) ? $aliases[$name] : $name) . $suffix;
	}

	/**
	* Add BER sequence with correct length and the given identifier
	*/
	private static function _ber_addseq($str, $identifier)
	{
	$len = dechex(strlen($str)/2);
	if (strlen($len) % 2 != 0)
	$len = '0'.$len;

	return $identifier . $len . $str;
	}

	/**
	* Returns BER encoded integer value in hex format
	*/
	private static function _ber_encode_int($offset)
	{
	$val = dechex($offset);
	$prefix = '';

	// check if bit 8 of high byte is 1
	if (preg_match('/^[89abcdef]/', $val))
	$prefix = '00';

	if (strlen($val)%2 != 0)
	$prefix .= '0';

	return $prefix . $val;
	}

	/**
	* Quotes attribute value string
	*
	* @param string $str Attribute value
	* @param bool $dn True if the attribute is a DN
	*
	* @return string Quoted string
	*/
	private static function _quote_string($str, $is_dn = FALSE)
	{
	// take firt entry if array given
	if (is_array($str)) {
	$str = reset($str);
	}

	if ($is_dn) {
	$replace = array(
	',' => '\2c',
	'=' => '\3d',
	'+' => '\2b',
	'<' => '\3c',
	'>' => '\3e',
	';' => '\3b',
	"\\"=> '\5c',
	'"' => '\22',
	'#' => '\23'
	);
	} else {
	$replace = array(
	'*' => '\2a',
	'(' => '\28',
	')' => '\29',
	"\\" => '\5c',
	'/' => '\2f'
	);
	}

	return strtr($str, $replace);
	}

	/**
	* create ber encoding for sort control
	*
	* @param array List of cols to sort by
	* @return string BER encoded option value
	*/
	private static function _sort_ber_encode($sortcols)
	{
	$str = '';
	foreach (array_reverse((array)$sortcols) as $col) {
	$ber_val = self::_string2hex($col);

	# 30 = ber sequence with a length of octet value
	# 04 = octet string with a length of the ascii value
	$oct = self::_ber_addseq($ber_val, '04');
	$str = self::_ber_addseq($oct, '30') . $str;
	}

	// now tack on sequence identifier and length
	$str = self::_ber_addseq($str, '30');

	return pack('H'.strlen($str), $str);
	}

	/**
	* Returns ascii string encoded in hex
	*/
	private static function _string2hex($str)
	{
	$hex = '';
	for ($i=0; $i < strlen($str); $i++)
	$hex .= dechex(ord($str[$i]));
	return $hex;
	}

	/**
	* Generate BER encoded string for Virtual List View option
	*
	* @param integer List offset (first record)
	* @param integer Records per page
	* @return string BER encoded option value
	*/
	private static function _vlv_ber_encode($offset, $rpp, $search = '')
	{
	# this string is ber-encoded, php will prefix this value with:
	# 04 (octet string) and 10 (length of 16 bytes)
	# the code behind this string is broken down as follows:
	# 30 = ber sequence with a length of 0e (14) bytes following
	# 02 = type integer (in two's complement form) with 2 bytes following (beforeCount): 01 00 (ie 0)
	# 02 = type integer (in two's complement form) with 2 bytes following (afterCount): 01 18 (ie 25-1=24)
	# a0 = type context-specific/constructed with a length of 06 (6) bytes following
	# 02 = type integer with 2 bytes following (offset): 01 01 (ie 1)
	# 02 = type integer with 2 bytes following (contentCount): 01 00

	# whith a search string present:
	# 81 = type context-specific/constructed with a length of 04 (4) bytes following (the length will change here)
	# 81 indicates a user string is present where as a a0 indicates just a offset search
	# 81 = type context-specific/constructed with a length of 06 (6) bytes following

	# the following info was taken from the ISO/IEC 8825-1:2003 x.690 standard re: the
	# encoding of integer values (note: these values are in
	# two-complement form so since offset will never be negative bit 8 of the
	# leftmost octet should never by set to 1):
	# 8.3.2: If the contents octets of an integer value encoding consist
	# of more than one octet, then the bits of the first octet (rightmost) and bit 8
	# of the second (to the left of first octet) octet:
	# a) shall not all be ones; and
	# b) shall not all be zero

	if ($search)
	{
	$search = preg_replace('/[^-[:alpha:] ,.()0-9]+/', '', $search);
	$ber_val = self::_string2hex($search);
	$str = self::_ber_addseq($ber_val, '81');
	}
	else
	{
	# construct the string from right to left
	$str = "020100"; # contentCount

	$ber_val = self::_ber_encode_int($offset); // returns encoded integer value in hex format

	// calculate octet length of $ber_val
	$str = self::_ber_addseq($ber_val, '02') . $str;

	// now compute length over $str
	$str = self::_ber_addseq($str, 'a0');
	}

	// now tack on records per page
	$str = "020100" . self::_ber_addseq(self::_ber_encode_int($rpp-1), '02') . $str;

	// now tack on sequence identifier and length
	$str = self::_ber_addseq($str, '30');

	return pack('H'.strlen($str), $str);
	}

	}
	?>

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